Introduction to ecological fibers
Abstract.：Tencel fiber is the British COUR TAULDS company produced the first generation of recycled fiber trade name, the scientific name is Lyocell fiber, its production process does not pollute the environment, does not destroy the ecology, the fiber feel soft, high moisture absorption rate (11%), dry and wet strength is similar, the formation of fabric size stability.
Lyocell fibers
Tencel fiber is the British COUR TAULDS company produced the first generation of recycled fiber trade name, the scientific name is Lyocell fiber, its production process does not pollute the environment, does not destroy the ecology, the fiber feel soft, high moisture absorption rate (11%), dry and wet strength is similar, the formation of fabric size stability. The raw material of Lyocell fiber is wood pulp, and its wood is also fast-growing wood, that is, the regeneration of raw materials is good. Lyocell fiber is manufactured with organic amine oxide (N-methylmorph) organic solvent to dissolve the lignin, solvent spinning is a closed process route, and organic solvents of organic amine oxide are harmless. When the Lyocell fiber and its fabric are discarded, they can be biodegraded, breaking down into carbon dioxide and water. Lyocell fibers are divided into two categories, standard Tencel fiber (with microfiber) and Tencel A100 (without microfiber) fiber, they are soft, tough, anti-static, with good fold recovery and comfortable elasticity and other properties.
Second, polylactic acid fiber
The raw material of PLA fiber is corn. In fact, corn protein fiber, corn lactic acid fiber, and corn polypropanol fiber are the raw materials of corn. In 1989, Jongata and Shimadzu cooperated to develop corn PLA fiber, and in 1994, they developed the fiber known as Lactron. In 1997, CDP of the United States fully developed corn polylactic acid fiber and formed industrial production, so that polylactic acid fiber has become a new era of green fiber in the field of textile production.
Poly (lactic acid) fiber has similar crystallinity, transparency and heat resistance to polyester fiber, and its spinning method adopts melt spinning method, which has low cost and less environmental pollution. Polylactic acid fiber (PLA) fiber has high heat resistance and high strength, although not flame retardant, but has a certain degree of self-extinguishing, elastic recovery and crimp retention is good, and morphological stability and wrinkle resistance are very good. PLA raw materials are all from plants, so it is a renewable green fiber, and because it can be degraded by microorganisms into carbon dioxide and water in nature, it is also an environmentally friendly fiber.
Three, soy protein fiber
Soybean protein fiber is a kind of soybean plant protein synthetic silk. First, the soybean meal is soaked and separated, and then the spatial structure of the protein is changed by adding functional additives, and the protein is grafted with hydroxyl polymers under appropriate conditions, and the soybean protein fiber is produced by wet spinning, and the fiber performance is stabilized by acetal treatment. Soybean protein fiber using soybean or waste soybean meal to make fiber process pollution-free, while making full use of waste resources, soybean fiber is a biodegradable regenerative fiber, fiber physical, mechanical, chemical properties are better.
4. Regenerated protein fibers
Recycled protein fiber is rich in raw materials, and people can make recycled animal protein fiber by using non-spinnable protein fiber (pig hair, human hair, chicken hair, goat hair, etc.) and waste protein fiber material. The process of producing regenerated animal protein fiber is divided into two steps: hydrolyzed protein and making protein fiber. The regenerated protein fiber has excellent ecological type, good degradability and wide source of raw materials. The performance of protein composite fiber integrates the advantages of protein fiber and cellulose fiber, and at the same time, the price is low.
Five, bamboo fiber
Bamboo fiber is made of natural bamboo (bamboo, tea stalk bamboo, light bamboo, short spike bamboo, etc.) as raw materials, with anti-odor, antibacterial and negative ion production functions. Bamboo fiber in the production process using acid-base chemical raw materials, acid can be reused in cooking, lye can have a high recovery rate, no pollution to the atmosphere, the surface, discharge water can meet the national environmental protection discharge requirements, is a new type of green viscose fiber.
6. Other new ecological fibers
1, casein fiber (commonly known as milk fiber) : At present, the world's first industrialized production of casein protein fiber is the "Chinon" of Japan's Toyo Textile company, but because 100kg of milk can only extract 4kg of protein, the manufacturing cost is high, so far it can not be widely used.
2, spider silk: The use of biotechnology to produce natural spider silk with excellent performance of the fiber is currently one of the international biotechnology application research topics, spider silk has a high strength, but at the same time, but silk like soft and shiny, with high functionality.
3. Banana fiber: Banana fiber has good luster, high absorption, and excellent environmental protection.
4, Kapok fiber: Kapok fiber is hollow fiber, very light, not only has shape stability, and excellent moisture absorption, moisture release performance, but the strength is not very good, like banana fiber, are developed by Japanese companies and manufacturing ecological fiber production.
5, conformation tree fiber: Conformation tree (green bark tree) is a kind of wild hemp fast-growing plants growing in the northeast and northwest mountains of China, and its bast contains a lot of high-quality fibers. The fiber has good quality, white color, natural silk appearance, soft feel, and the feeling of silk and cotton. Its performance stability is good, corrosion resistance is good, but not resistant to strong acid.
6, other synthetic fibers that may be degraded: some synthetic fibers themselves are biodegradable, and after waste in the natural environment, they can be explained by the action of microorganisms, and will not cause long-term or sexual pollution to the environment. Welloman's Sensura "¢fiber, and a developed PLLA, PHB, PBS and other fibers are degradable polymer fibers.
Tencel fiber is the British COUR TAULDS company produced the first generation of recycled fiber trade name, the scientific name is Lyocell fiber, its production process does not pollute the environment, does not destroy the ecology, the fiber feel soft, high moisture absorption rate (11%), dry and wet strength is similar, the formation of fabric size stability. The raw material of Lyocell fiber is wood pulp, and its wood is also fast-growing wood, that is, the regeneration of raw materials is good. Lyocell fiber is manufactured with organic amine oxide (N-methylmorph) organic solvent to dissolve the lignin, solvent spinning is a closed process route, and organic solvents of organic amine oxide are harmless. When the Lyocell fiber and its fabric are discarded, they can be biodegraded, breaking down into carbon dioxide and water. Lyocell fibers are divided into two categories, standard Tencel fiber (with microfiber) and Tencel A100 (without microfiber) fiber, they are soft, tough, anti-static, with good fold recovery and comfortable elasticity and other properties.
Second, polylactic acid fiber
The raw material of PLA fiber is corn. In fact, corn protein fiber, corn lactic acid fiber, and corn polypropanol fiber are the raw materials of corn. In 1989, Jongata and Shimadzu cooperated to develop corn PLA fiber, and in 1994, they developed the fiber known as Lactron. In 1997, CDP of the United States fully developed corn polylactic acid fiber and formed industrial production, so that polylactic acid fiber has become a new era of green fiber in the field of textile production.
Poly (lactic acid) fiber has similar crystallinity, transparency and heat resistance to polyester fiber, and its spinning method adopts melt spinning method, which has low cost and less environmental pollution. Polylactic acid fiber (PLA) fiber has high heat resistance and high strength, although not flame retardant, but has a certain degree of self-extinguishing, elastic recovery and crimp retention is good, and morphological stability and wrinkle resistance are very good. PLA raw materials are all from plants, so it is a renewable green fiber, and because it can be degraded by microorganisms into carbon dioxide and water in nature, it is also an environmentally friendly fiber.
Three, soy protein fiber
Soybean protein fiber is a kind of soybean plant protein synthetic silk. First, the soybean meal is soaked and separated, and then the spatial structure of the protein is changed by adding functional additives, and the protein is grafted with hydroxyl polymers under appropriate conditions, and the soybean protein fiber is produced by wet spinning, and the fiber performance is stabilized by acetal treatment. Soybean protein fiber using soybean or waste soybean meal to make fiber process pollution-free, while making full use of waste resources, soybean fiber is a biodegradable regenerative fiber, fiber physical, mechanical, chemical properties are better.
4. Regenerated protein fibers
Recycled protein fiber is rich in raw materials, and people can make recycled animal protein fiber by using non-spinnable protein fiber (pig hair, human hair, chicken hair, goat hair, etc.) and waste protein fiber material. The process of producing regenerated animal protein fiber is divided into two steps: hydrolyzed protein and making protein fiber. The regenerated protein fiber has excellent ecological type, good degradability and wide source of raw materials. The performance of protein composite fiber integrates the advantages of protein fiber and cellulose fiber, and at the same time, the price is low.
Five, bamboo fiber
Bamboo fiber is made of natural bamboo (bamboo, tea stalk bamboo, light bamboo, short spike bamboo, etc.) as raw materials, with anti-odor, antibacterial and negative ion production functions. Bamboo fiber in the production process using acid-base chemical raw materials, acid can be reused in cooking, lye can have a high recovery rate, no pollution to the atmosphere, the surface, discharge water can meet the national environmental protection discharge requirements, is a new type of green viscose fiber.
6. Other new ecological fibers
1, casein fiber (commonly known as milk fiber) : At present, the world's first industrialized production of casein protein fiber is the "Chinon" of Japan's Toyo Textile company, but because 100kg of milk can only extract 4kg of protein, the manufacturing cost is high, so far it can not be widely used.
2, spider silk: The use of biotechnology to produce natural spider silk with excellent performance of the fiber is currently one of the international biotechnology application research topics, spider silk has a high strength, but at the same time, but silk like soft and shiny, with high functionality.
3. Banana fiber: Banana fiber has good luster, high absorption, and excellent environmental protection.
4, Kapok fiber: Kapok fiber is hollow fiber, very light, not only has shape stability, and excellent moisture absorption, moisture release performance, but the strength is not very good, like banana fiber, are developed by Japanese companies and manufacturing ecological fiber production.
5, conformation tree fiber: Conformation tree (green bark tree) is a kind of wild hemp fast-growing plants growing in the northeast and northwest mountains of China, and its bast contains a lot of high-quality fibers. The fiber has good quality, white color, natural silk appearance, soft feel, and the feeling of silk and cotton. Its performance stability is good, corrosion resistance is good, but not resistant to strong acid.
6, other synthetic fibers that may be degraded: some synthetic fibers themselves are biodegradable, and after waste in the natural environment, they can be explained by the action of microorganisms, and will not cause long-term or sexual pollution to the environment. Welloman's Sensura "¢fiber, and a developed PLLA, PHB, PBS and other fibers are degradable polymer fibers.
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